TRIR and DART rates: how to calculate them and what BLS 2024 national rates show
Short answer
TRIR is recordable cases times 200,000, divided by hours worked. The 200,000 is 100 full-time workers at 40 hours for 50 weeks. DART counts only cases with days away, restricted work or transfer. BLS reported 2024 private industry rates of 2.3 total recordable cases and 1.4 DART cases per 100 full-time workers (release dated January 22, 2026).
- TRIR formula
- Recordable cases x 200,000 / total hours worked
- DART formula
- Days-away, restriction or transfer cases x 200,000 / total hours worked
- The 200,000 base
- 100 full-time workers x 40 hours x 50 weeks
- BLS private industry, 2024
- 2.3 total recordable cases and 1.4 DART cases per 100 full-time workers
- BLS release
- Table 1, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, released 2026-01-22
- Latest year available
- 2024, checked 2026-10-05; 2025 data not yet published
Applies to: Employers that keep OSHA 300 Logs and 300A summaries · EHS and risk leaders who report rates to leadership, customers, insurers or prequalification forms · Groups comparing sites against national industry rates
What are TRIR and DART?
TRIR, the total recordable incident rate, is recordable cases per 100 full-time workers. DART is the same rate for cases with days away from work, restricted work or job transfer. OSHA calls TRIR the total case rate. BLS calls it total recordable cases.
Both use a 200,000-hour base: 40 hours a week for 50 weeks for 100 full-time employees (BLS Handbook of Methods). It lets you compare a 50-person site with a 5,000-person group.
How do you calculate them?
Rate = (number of cases x 200,000) / total hours worked by all employees in the calendar year. The example below is invented for illustration.
| Input or result | Value |
|---|---|
| Hours worked in the year | 612,400 |
| Recordable cases on the Log | 14 |
| Days-away cases (column H) | 4 |
| Job transfer or restriction cases (column I) | 5 |
| Other recordable cases (column J) | 5 |
| TRIR | 14 x 200,000 / 612,400 = 4.6 |
| DART rate | (4 + 5) x 200,000 / 612,400 = 2.9 |
As a cross-check, OSHA's own example uses 22 DART cases and 645,089 hours: (22 / 645,089) x 200,000 = 6.8. The free TRIR and DART calculator does the math.
Which cases and hours count?
Count all recordable cases for TRIR, only days-away, restricted and transferred cases for DART, and hours actually worked.
- Cases: OSHA's data notes for the Injury Tracking Application define the total case rate as columns H, I and J of the 300 Log or 300A. DART is columns H and I. Deaths go in column G. Some forms count deaths in rates and some do not, so use the definition the form asks for.
- Hours: count salaried, hourly, part-time and seasonal workers, plus workers you supervise, such as temps. Skip paid time not worked: vacation, sick leave, holidays. If you do not track hours, estimate them (FAQ 32-1).
- One establishment at a time: the Log is kept per establishment, so rates start there. A company-wide rate is total cases over total hours across all establishments.
What were the BLS national rates for 2024?
BLS published 2024 estimates on January 22, 2026, in Employer-Reported Workplace Injuries and Illnesses, 2023-2024. It was the latest year available when we checked on October 5, 2026. For private industry, BLS reported 2.3 total recordable cases per 100 full-time equivalent workers, down from 2.4 in 2023, from about 2.5 million cases. BLS publishes yearly, so check for a newer release.
| Industry (NAICS) | Total recordable cases (TRIR basis) | Days away, job restriction or transfer (DART basis) |
|---|---|---|
| Private industry | 2.3 | 1.4 |
| Construction (23) | 2.2 | 1.3 |
| Specialty trade contractors (238) | 2.3 | 1.4 |
| Manufacturing (31-33) | 2.7 | 1.7 |
| Food manufacturing (311) | 3.3 | 2.3 |
| Chemical manufacturing (325) | 1.6 | 1.0 |
| Utilities (22) | 1.9 | 1.2 |
| Warehousing and storage (493) | 4.8 | 4.1 |
| Couriers and messengers (492) | 8.0 | 6.6 |
| Ambulatory health care services (621) | 2.0 | 0.7 |
| Hospitals (622) | 5.1 | 2.1 |
| Nursing care facilities (6231) | 6.3 | 4.5 |
| Home health care services (6216) | 1.6 | 1.0 |
How should you use these benchmarks?
Carefully: compare like with like and read small samples with caution.
- Compare like with like: same NAICS group, same measure, same year. BLS rates are survey estimates.
- Watch small denominators: 100 full-time workers (200,000 hours) and 2 recordable cases give a TRIR of 2.0. One more case makes it 3.0. This is an invented example.
- Do not rank on rates alone: OSHA does not validate submitted counts. It calls it inappropriate to label an establishment the most or least dangerous solely from rates.
- Pair rates with leading signals: near-miss reports and corrective-action closure show risk before anyone is hurt.
OSHA publishes establishment-level data from covered sites' electronic submissions. Customers and the public can see rates built from your 300A. See electronic submission.
Where do the inputs come from?
Cases come from the OSHA 300 Log. Hours and average employees come from payroll. Totals come from the 300A summary. A misclassified case throws off every rate built on it.
How IncidentKit supports this requirement
| What the rule asks for | Where it lives in IncidentKit |
|---|---|
| Total hours worked and annual average employees on the 300A | Take these from payroll or your HRIS. Deeper HRIS integrations are rolling out. |
| Classify cases consistently so rates are comparable | The incident record holds the outcome facts. A person classifies. The audit trail shows any reclassification, who and when. |
| Compute and compare rates by establishment | Each site is a facility, and roll-ups compare sites. The free TRIR and DART calculator does the math. |
| Look past the rate to causes | Analytics cluster incidents by location, shift, equipment and cause. Repeat patterns show whether a fix held. |
| Produce the Log totals that feed the rate | OSHA 300 and 300A exports from the same record are rolling out. Today, CSV export carries the case data. |
Product parts involved: Analytics, Compliance packets, Incident reporting, Multi-site and roles. Capabilities marked “rolling out” are being released in stages; see the changelog.
Frequently asked questions
What is a good TRIR?
There is no universal good number. Compare your rate with the BLS rate for your industry and year. For 2024, BLS reported 2.3 for all private industry, 2.2 for construction and 5.1 for hospitals. A rate far below peers may mean under-reporting.
Is DART the same as LTIR?
No. DART counts days-away, restricted-work and job-transfer cases. A lost-time injury rate counts only days-away cases, so it is never higher than DART. Check which one a customer asks for, because the names are used loosely.
Why is the base 200,000 hours?
It is the hours commonly regarded as worked by 100 full-time employees in a year: 40 hours a week for 50 weeks. It puts sites of any size on the same scale.
Do contractor hours count in my rate?
Only if you supervise them day to day, the same test used for recording their injuries. Include temporary staff you supervise. Leave out contractors under their own supervision.
Where can I find the BLS rate for my industry?
In Table 1 of the BLS Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, published yearly. BLS also offers a calculator at data.bls.gov/iirc. Match your NAICS code, year and measure. BLS rates are rounded estimates.
Sources
- BLS: Employer-Reported Workplace Injuries and Illnesses, 2023-2024 (news release, 2026-01-22)
- BLS: Table 1. Incidence rates of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses by industry and case types, 2024
- BLS: Handbook of Methods, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, calculation of rates
- BLS: Incidence Rate Calculator
- OSHA: Injury Tracking Application data, including rate calculation and data quality notes
- OSHA: Part 1904 Recordkeeping Policies and Procedures Directive, CPL 02-00-172 (incidence and DART rate definition)
- OSHA: FAQ 32-1, calculating total hours worked
Reviewed against the sources above on Oct 5, 2026. Rules change: confirm current requirements with the issuing body or your counsel before relying on any summary.
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